Brief Overview
Momentum, represented by the letter p, is a vector quantity that is a product of an object's mass and its velocity. Momentum is defined by an object's tendency to stay in motion (not to be confused with inertia though). Momentum can be changed by an impulse (J). An impulse is defined as a force exerted over a certain time, and can thus be measured by the area under a Force vs. Time graph.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CeUfHa8UqU
Formula for momentum: p = Δm * Δv
Formula for Impulse: integral of a Δf*Δt graph
relating the two: Δp = J
J = pf-pi = mf*vf-mi*vi
Formula for Impulse: integral of a Δf*Δt graph
relating the two: Δp = J
J = pf-pi = mf*vf-mi*vi
Collisions
There are 4 different types of collisions for this unit:
- Elastic collision
- Inelastic collision
- Perfectly inelastic (stick together)
- Explosions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-QOfc2XqOk
Relating Momentum to Forces, Energy, and Kinematics
Newton's second law states that ΣF = m * a, and since a = Δv/Δt, you can substitute to get ΣF = m * Δv/Δt, rewriting you get
ΣF * Δt = m * Δv, which if you look at both sides can be written in as Impulse (F * t) = change in momentum (m* Δv)
ΣF * Δt = m * Δv, which if you look at both sides can be written in as Impulse (F * t) = change in momentum (m* Δv)